| Yogi Berra once said, "Predictions can be tricky, | | | | technologies, where increasing capabilities enable |
| especially when you're talking about the future." | | | | more complex applications and declining costs |
| And looking forward is certainly more perilous | | | | drive a positive innovation loop, lowering the cost |
| than using our 20-20 hindsight. However, the | | | | of innovation and enabling wider learning and |
| future of rapidly converging technologies is not so | | | | contributions from more people, thus sustaining |
| complex and uncertain that a few reasonable | | | | the technology trends." |
| speculations can't be discerned. | | | | The growth of a new technological capability |
| The truth about the biggest scientific | | | | typically follows an S-shaped curve which follows |
| breakthroughs is that they often come when a | | | | three stages. First a slow initial growth allows the |
| scientist takes a leap of imagination out of what is | | | | new technology to prove its superiority over |
| probable into what just might be possible. | | | | previous technology. Once this is demonstrated, |
| Scientists seek to understand their surrounds | | | | rapid growth follows. Finally, growth is limited by |
| through three remarkable human characteristics: | | | | technological or socioeconomic competition which |
| discovery, invention, and creativity. | | | | leads to an asymptotical leveling off. |
| Discovery is about with finding something that is | | | | The S-shaped curve illustrates the progress of |
| already there - like finding a gold deposit. Invention | | | | many inventions such as electrical appliances. Many |
| is an ingenious product of a culmination of many | | | | of the early analog signal processing devices |
| contributing ideas, like the invention of the | | | | developed a paradigm shift which took nearly 50 |
| telephone. On the other hand, creativity is the | | | | years to come to practical fruition as the adoption |
| product of a single mind like a play by | | | | and utilization of independently powered analog |
| Shakespeare. Actually, there is a great deal more | | | | machines followed an S-shaped curve. Today, the |
| to the scientific process, but 'seeing the big | | | | growth of the digital competitors is following a |
| picture' requires an ability to understand the | | | | similar pattern. |
| relationship between relationships. | | | | In Connections: Patterns of Discovery the |
| Forecasting scientific breakthroughs requires a | | | | patterns of discovery are presented that |
| look into the prospects of science principles, | | | | produced Moore's Law and the book explores the |
| technologies, and the economic incentives to | | | | question, "What is the software equivalent of |
| identify areas of strategic opportunity. | | | | Moore's Law?" |
| Lessons can be taken from past efforts. In a | | | | The patterns challenge the reader to think of the |
| recent review of a 40 year-old forecasting study, | | | | consequences of extrapolating trends, such as, |
| Richard E. Albright commented on the one | | | | how Moore's Law could reach machine intelligence, |
| hundred technical innovations identified as being | | | | or retrench in the face of physical limitations. |
| considered very likely to be developed in the last | | | | From this perspective, the book draws the 'big |
| third of the twentieth century. While fewer than | | | | picture' for the Information Revolution's |
| 50% of the predicted innovations were | | | | innovations in chips, devices, software, and |
| considered "good and timely," Albright found that | | | | networks. One goal of science is ubiquitous |
| the accuracy rate for the areas of computers | | | | intelligence (UI) where everyone is connected to |
| and communications rose to about 80%. | | | | devices with access to Artificial Intelligence (AI) - |
| Further, Albright concluded that "we should look | | | | offering what Google founder Larry Page calls |
| for sustained and continuing trends in underlying | | | | 'perfect search. |