| An envelope is a packaging product,
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| | or freepost (business reply mail). Some
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| usually made of flat, planar material
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| | envelopes are designed to be reused as
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| such as paper or cardboard, and designed
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| | the return envelope, saving the expense
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| to contain a flat object, which in a
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| | of including a return envelope in the
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| postal-service context is usually a
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| | contents of the original envelope. The
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| letter or card. The traditional type is
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| | direct mail industry makes extensive use
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| made from a sheet of paper cut to one of
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| | of return envelopes as a response
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| three shapes: the rhombus (also referred
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| | mechanism.
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| to as a lozenge or diamond), the
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| | Up until 1840 all envelopes were
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| short-arm cross, and the kite. These
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| | handmade, each being individually cut to
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| designs ensure that when the sides of the
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| | the appropriate shape out of an
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| sheet are folded about a delineated
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| | individual rectangular sheet. In that
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| central rectangular area, a
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| | year George Wilson in the U.K. patented
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| rectangular-faced, usually oblong,
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| | the method of tessellating (tiling) a
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| enclosure is formed with an arrangement
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| | number of envelope patterns across and
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| of four flaps on the reverse side, which,
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| | down a large sheet, thereby reducing the
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| by virtue of the shapes of sheet
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| | overall amount of waste produced per
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| traditionally used, is inevitably
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| | envelope when they were cut out. In 1845
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| symmetrical.
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| | Edwin Hill and Warren de la Rue obtained
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| When the folding sequence is such that
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| | a patent for a steam-driven machine that
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| the last flap to be closed is on a short
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| | not only cut out the envelope shapes but
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| side it is referred to in commercial
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| | creased and folded them as well.
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| envelope manufacture as a '"pocket"' - a
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| | (Mechanised gumming had yet to be
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| format frequently employed in the
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| | devised.) The convenience of the sheets
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| packaging of small quantities of seeds.
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| | ready cut to shape popularized the use of
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| Although in principle the flaps can be
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| | machine-made envelopes, and the economic
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| held in place by securing the topmost
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| | significance of the factories that had
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| flap at a single point (for example with
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| | produced handmade envelopes gradually
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| a wax seal), generally they are pasted or
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| | diminished.
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| gummed together at the overlaps. They are
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| | As envelopes are made of paper, they are
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| most commonly used for enclosing and
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| | intrinsically amenable to embellishment
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| sending mail (letters) through a
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| | with additional graphics and text over
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| prepaid-postage postal system. Envelopes
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| | and above the necessary postal markings.
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| are useful.
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| | This is a feature that the direct mail
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| Window envelopes have a hole cut in the
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| | industry has long taken advantage of --
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| front side that allows the paper within
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| | and more recently the Mail Art movement.
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| to be seen. They are generally arranged
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| | Most of the over 400 billion envelopes of
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| so that the sending address printed on
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| | all sizes made worldwide are
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| the letter is visible, saving the sender
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| | machine-made. The envelope-machine making
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| from having to duplicate the address on
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| | industry is dominated internationally by
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| the envelope itself. The window is
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| | Winkler and Dunnebier.
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| normally covered with a transparent or
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| | Post office requirements
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| translucent film to protect the letter
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| | Post offices prefer envelopes to be
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| inside. In some cases, shortages of
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| | rectangular rather than square, as this
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| materials or the need to economize
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| | reduces the amount of sorting that is
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| resulted in envelopes that had no film
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| | needed to line up all the envelopes with
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| covering the window. One innovative
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| | the addresses reading the same way.
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| process, invented in Europe about 1905,
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| | Australia
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| involved using hot oil to saturate the
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| | In Australia, post office-preferred
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| area of the envelope where the address
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| | envelopes have four boxes printed in
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| would appear. The treated area became
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| | orange ink at the bottom right-hand
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| sufficiently translucent for the address
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| | corner where handwritten postcodes are
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| to be readable. A typical use for window
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| | meant to be written. Character
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| envelopes is courtesy reply mail.
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| | recognition software is used to read the
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| An aerogram is related to a lettersheet,
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| | postcode number.
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| both being designed to have writing on
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| | The Reply Paid is a system whereby a
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| the inside to minimize the weight. Any
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| | customer may reply to a sender, with the
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| handmade envelope is effectively a
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| | sender bearing the cost. Specially
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| lettersheet because prior to the folding
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| | printed envelopes are used, with the
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| stage it offers the opportunity for
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| | sender's address and the words "Reply
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| writing a message on that area of the
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| | Paid" with an authorization number. The
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| sheet that after folding becomes the
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| | stamp is replaced by three black stripes.
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| inside of the face of the envelope.
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| | The sender pays the postage plus a fee to
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| The "envelope" used to launch the Penny
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| | the postal authority. The customer may
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| Post component of the British postal
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| | write the Reply Paid envelope out by
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| reforms of 1840 was a lozenge-shaped
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| | hand.
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| lettersheet. But if desired, a separate
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| | Other countries use freepost as well,
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| letter could be enclosed with postage
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| | although the envelope designs required by
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| remaining one penny, provided the
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| | those countries' postal authorities
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| combined weight did not exceed half an
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| | differ widely from that described above.
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| ounce (about 13 grams). This was a legacy
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| | For example, in the U.S., Reply Paid is
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| of the previous system of calculating
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| | called Business Reply Mail.
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| postage, which partly depended on the
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| | Envelopes in the Soviet Union were
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| number of sheets of paper used.
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| | printed with something like the common 7
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| A "return envelope" is a preaddressed,
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| | segment LCD display, to assist the user
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| smaller envelope included as the contents
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| | to write the 6-character postcode
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| of a larger envelope and can be used for
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| | directly in machine-readable format.
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| courtesy reply mail, metered reply mail,
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