Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares Strategies, And Forecasts, 2009-2015-Aarkstore Enterprise

Worldwide nanotechnology thin film lithium-ionTable 4-5  4-42
batteries are poised to achieve significant growthThin Films For Advanced Batteries 
as units become more able to achieve deliver ofTable 4-6  4-43
power to electric vehicles efficiently. LessThin Film Batteries Technology 
expensive lithium-ion batteries allow leveragingTable 4-7  4-44
economies of scale and proliferation of devicesThin Film Battery / Lithium Air Batteries
into a wide range of applications. According toApplications 
Susan Eustis, lead author of the study,Figure 4-8  4-45
"Economies of scale leverage the lithium-ionPolymer Film Substrate Thin Flexible battery
battery nanotechnology advances needed toProfiles 
make lithium-ion batteries competitive.Figure 4-9  4-46
Nanotechnology provided by lithium-ion researchDesign Alternatives of Thin Film Rechargable
solves the issues poised by the need to storeBatteries 
renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries switch 
price reductions are poised to drive marketTable 5-1  5-3
adoption by making units affordable."A123 Systems Batteries Benefits 
Nanotechnology results obtained in the laboratoryTable 5-2  5-5
are being translated into commercial products. TheA123 Systems Competitive Positioning 
processes of translating the nanotechnologyTable 5-2  (Continued) 5-6
science into thin film lithium ion batteries areA123 Systems Competitive Positioning 
anticipated to be ongoing. The breakthroughs ofTable 5-2  (Continued) 5-7
science in the laboratory have only begun to beA123 Systems Competitive Positioning 
translated into life outside the lab, with a long wayFigure 5-3  5-19
to go in improving the functioning of the lithium-ionBoston-Power Charge Curve 
batteries. Unlike any other battery technology, thin 
film solid-state batteries show very high cycle life.Figure 5-4  5-20
Using very thin cathodes (0.05µm) batteriesBoston-Power Discharge Curve 
have been cycled in excess of 45,000 cycles withFigure 5-5  5-35
very limited loss in capacity. After 45,000 cycles,EnerDel Operations 
95% of the original capacity remained.Figure 5-6  5-36
Then there is the problem of translating theEnerDel Lithium Power Systems 
evolving technology into manufacturing process.Figure 5-7  5-37
What this means is that the market will be veryEnerDel Lithium Power USABC Contracts 
dynamic, with the market leaders continuouslyFigure 5-8  5-38
being challenged by innovators, large and smallEnerDel Lithium Power Think Projct
that develop more cost efficient units. SystemsFigure 5-9  5-63
integration and manufacturing capabilities haveSanyo Battery Targets 2020 
developed a broad family of high-power lithium-ionFigure 5-10  5-65
batteries and battery systems. A family ofSaft Sales Segments Half 1, 2008 
battery products, combined with strategic partnerFigure 5-11  5-67
relationships in the transportation, electric gridSaft Revenue H1 2008 
services and portable power markets, positionFigure 5-12  5-81
vendors to address these markets for lithium-ionUlvac Vacuum Pumps, Gauges, and Valves
batteries. 
Electric Vehicles depend on design, development, 
manufacture, and support of advanced,Worldwide nanotechnology thin film lithium-ion
rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Batteries providebatteries are poised to achieve significant growth
a combination of power, safety and life.as units become more able to achieve deliver of
Next-generation energy storage solutions arepower to electric vehicles efficiently. Less
evolving as commercially available batteries.expensive lithium-ion batteries allow leveraging
Lithium-ion batteries will play an increasinglyeconomies of scale and proliferation of devices
important role in facilitating a shift toward cleanerinto a wide range of applications. According to
forms of energy.Susan Eustis, lead author of the study,
Innovative approaches to materials science and"Economies of scale leverage the lithium-ion
battery engineering are available from a largebattery nanotechnology advances needed to
number of very significant companies -- GE,make lithium-ion batteries competitive.
Panasonic Sanyo / Matsushita Industrial Co., Ltd.,Nanotechnology provided by lithium-ion research
NEC, Saft, Toshiba, BYD / Berkshire Hathaway,solves the issues poised by the need to store
LG Chem, Altair Nanotechnologies, Samsung,renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries switch
Sony, A123 Systems with MIT technology, andprice reductions are poised to drive market
Altair Nanotechnologies.adoption by making units affordable."
Markets for lithium-ion batteries at $911 million inNanotechnology results obtained in the laboratory
2008 are anticipated to reach $9.1 billion by 2015,are being translated into commercial products. The
growing in response to decreases in unit costsprocesses of translating the nanotechnology
and increases. Lithiumion batteries used in cellscience into thin film lithium ion batteries are
phones and PCs, and in cordless power tools areanticipated to be ongoing. The breakthroughs of
proving the technology. Units are shipped intoscience in the laboratory have only begun to be
military markets and are used in satellites, provingtranslated into life outside the lab, with a long way
the feasibility of systems. Small, lithium-ionto go in improving the functioning of the lithium-ion
prismatic batteries prove the feasibility of thisbatteries. Unlike any other battery technology, thin
technology. The large emerging markets are forfilm solid-state batteries show very high cycle life.
hybrid and electric vehicles powered by renewableUsing very thin cathodes (0.05µm) batteries
energy systems.have been cycled in excess of 45,000 cycles with
Report Methodologyvery limited loss in capacity. After 45,000 cycles,
This is the 399th report in a series of market95% of the original capacity remained.
research reports that provide forecasts inThen there is the problem of translating the
communications, telecommunications, the internet,evolving technology into manufacturing process.
computer, software, and telephone equipment.What this means is that the market will be very
The project leaders take direct responsibility fordynamic, with the market leaders continuously
writing and preparing each report. They havebeing challenged by innovators, large and small
significant experience preparing industry studies.that develop more cost efficient units. Systems
Forecasts are based on primary research andintegration and manufacturing capabilities have
proprietary data bases. Forecasts reflect analysisdeveloped a broad family of high-power lithium-ion
of the market trends in the segment and relatedbatteries and battery systems. A family of
segments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzedbattery products, combined with strategic partner
through consideration of dollar volume of eachrelationships in the transportation, electric grid
market participation in the segment. Market shareservices and portable power markets, position
analysis includes conversations with keyvendors to address these markets for lithium-ion
customers of products, industry segment leaders,batteries.
marketing directors, distributors, leading marketElectric Vehicles depend on design, development,
participants, and companies seeking to developmanufacture, and support of advanced,
measurable market share. Over 200 in-depthrechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Batteries provide
interviews are conducted for each report with aa combination of power, safety and life.
broad range of key participants and opinionNext-generation energy storage solutions are
leaders in the market segment.evolving as commercially available batteries.
 Lithium-ion batteries will play an increasingly
 important role in facilitating a shift toward cleaner
  Table of Contents : forms of energy.
Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery ExecutiveInnovative approaches to materials science and
Summary   ES-1battery engineering are available from a large
Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ionnumber of very significant companies -- GE,
Battery Market Driving Forces  ES-1Panasonic Sanyo / Matsushita Industrial Co., Ltd.,
Market Driving Forces  ES-2NEC, Saft, Toshiba, BYD / Berkshire Hathaway,
Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-IonLG Chem, Altair Nanotechnologies, Samsung,
Batteries  ES-7Sony, A123 Systems with MIT technology, and
Competitors  ES-7Altair Nanotechnologies.
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares  ES-7Markets for lithium-ion batteries at $911 million in
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts  ES-92008 are anticipated to reach $9.1 billion by 2015,
 growing in response to decreases in unit costs
1. Thin Film Lithium Ion Batteryand increases. Lithiumion batteries used in cell
Market Description and Market Dynamics   1-1phones and PCs, and in cordless power tools are
1.1   Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets  1-1proving the technology. Units are shipped into
1.1.1    Project Better Place and themilitary markets and are used in satellites, proving
Renault-Nissan Alliance  1-2the feasibility of systems. Small, lithium-ion
1.1.2    Largest Target Market, Theprismatic batteries prove the feasibility of this
Transportation Industry  1-3technology. The large emerging markets are for
1.1.3    Electric Grid Services Market 1-4hybrid and electric vehicles powered by renewable
1.1.4    Portable Power Market, Power Tools energy systems.
1-5Report Methodology
1.2   Lithium-Ion Battery TechnologiesThis is the 399th report in a series of market
Transportationresearch reports that provide forecasts in
Industry Target Market 1-7communications, telecommunications, the internet,
1.3   Energy Storage For Grid Stabilization  1-11computer, software, and telephone equipment.
1.3.1    Local Energy Storage Benefit ForThe project leaders take direct responsibility for
Utilities  1-12writing and preparing each report. They have
1.4   Applications Require On-Printed Circuitsignificant experience preparing industry studies.
Board Battery Power  1-13Forecasts are based on primary research and
1.4.1    Thin-film vs. Printed Batteries  1-13proprietary data bases. Forecasts reflect analysis
1.5   Smart Buildings  1-14of the market trends in the segment and related
1.5.1    Permanent Power for Wirelesssegments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed
Sensors  1-16through consideration of dollar volume of each
1.6   Battery Safety / Potential Hazards  1-17market participation in the segment. Market share
1.7   Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction analysis includes conversations with key
1-18customers of products, industry segment leaders,
1.8   Battery Is Electrochemical Device  1-20marketing directors, distributors, leading market
1.9   Battery Depends On Chemical Energy participants, and companies seeking to develop
1-21measurable market share. Over 200 in-depth
1.9.1    Characteristics Of Battery Cells  1-21interviews are conducted for each report with a
1.9.2    Batteries Are Designed Differently Forbroad range of key participants and opinion
Various Applications  1-23leaders in the market segment.
  
2. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Market 
Shares and Market Forecasts   2-1  Table of Contents : 
2.1   Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin FilmThin Film Lithium Ion Battery Executive
Lithium-IonSummary   ES-1
Battery Market Driving Forces  2-1Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film Lithium-Ion
2.1.1    Market Driving Forces  2-2Battery Market Driving Forces  ES-1
2.1.2    Nanotechnology Forms the Base forMarket Driving Forces  ES-2
Lithium-Ion Batteries  2-7Nanotechnology Forms the Base for Lithium-Ion
2.1.3    Competitors  2-7Batteries  ES-7
2.2   Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares  2-7Competitors  ES-7
2.2.1    ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / TonenLithium-Ion Battery Market Shares  ES-7
Chemical 2-10Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts  ES-9
2.3   Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts  
2-111. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery
2.4   Electric Vehicle and Hybrid VehicleMarket Description and Market Dynamics   1-1
Lithium-Ion1.1   Lithium-Ion Battery Target Markets  1-1
Battery Market Shares  2-141.1.1    Project Better Place and the
2.4.1    BYD   2-16Renault-Nissan Alliance  1-2
2.4.2    Johnson Controls-Saft 2-161.1.2    Largest Target Market, The
2.4.3    Saft Battery Technologies  2-17Transportation Industry  1-3
2.4.4    A123Systems 32 Series Automotive1.1.3    Electric Grid Services Market 1-4
Class1.1.4    Portable Power Market, Power Tools 
Lithium Ion™ Cells: 2-171-5
2.4.5    NEC and Nissen  2-191.2   Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies
2.4.6    LG Chem   2-20Transportation
2.4.7    EnerDel 2-20Industry Target Market 1-7
2.4.8    Competition  2-201.3   Energy Storage For Grid Stabilization  1-11
2.5   Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion1.3.1    Local Energy Storage Benefit For
Battery Market Forecasts  2-21Utilities  1-12
2.5.1    Largest Target Market, The1.4   Applications Require On-Printed Circuit
Transportation Industry  2-25Board Battery Power  1-13
Thin Film Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery EV1.4.1    Thin-film vs. Printed Batteries  1-13
Market 2-271.5   Smart Buildings  1-14
Thin Film Lithium-Ion And Lithium Polymer1.5.1    Permanent Power for Wireless
Automotive Batteries  2-27Sensors  1-16
2.6   Thin-Film and Printed Batteries: On-Board1.6   Battery Safety / Potential Hazards  1-17
Solutions for Low-Power Electronics  2-291.7   Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction 
2.6.1    Solicore Tiny Flat Battery  2-311-18
2.6.2    Thin-Film, Organic, and Printed Batteries:1.8   Battery Is Electrochemical Device  1-20
On-Board Solutions for Low-Power Electronics 1.9   Battery Depends On Chemical Energy 
2-321-21
2.7   Cell Phone, Communications, And PC1.9.1    Characteristics Of Battery Cells  1-21
Lithium-Ion1.9.2    Batteries Are Designed Differently For
Battery Technology Markets Discussion  2-33Various Applications  1-23
2.7.1    Samsung SDI  2-33 
2.7.2    BYD   2-332. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Market
2.7.3    Saft 2-33Shares and Market Forecasts   2-1
2.7.4    Portable Power Competition  2-342.1   Worldwide Nanotechnology Thin Film
2.8   Lithium-Ion Battery Technology PortableLithium-Ion
PowerBattery Market Driving Forces  2-1
Market, Power Tools Market Shares  2-342.1.1    Market Driving Forces  2-2
2.8.1    A123 Systems  2-362.1.2    Nanotechnology Forms the Base for
2.9   Lithium-Ion Battery Technology PortableLithium-Ion Batteries  2-7
Power,2.1.3    Competitors  2-7
Power Tools Market Forecasts  2-372.2   Lithium-Ion Battery Market Shares  2-7
2.10     Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Electric2.2.1    ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen
Grid Services Markets  2-40Chemical 2-10
2.10.1  Electric Grid Services  2-422.3   Lithium-Ion Battery Market Forecasts 
2.11     Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market2-11
Positioning  2-432.4   Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Vehicle
2.11.1  US And Its Allies Are Changing The MilitaryLithium-Ion
Landscape  2-48Battery Market Shares  2-14
2.12     Digital Device Battery Forecasts  2-512.4.1    BYD   2-16
 2.4.2    Johnson Controls-Saft 2-16
3. Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Product2.4.3    Saft Battery Technologies  2-17
Description   3-12.4.4    A123Systems 32 Series Automotive
3.1   A123 Systems  3-1Class
3.1.1    A123 Systems Lithium Ion CellLithium Ion™ Cells: 2-17
Construction2.4.5    NEC and Nissen  2-19
Based On A Dual Plate Tubular Design  3-42.4.6    LG Chem   2-20
3.1.2    A123Systems 32 Series Automotive2.4.7    EnerDel 2-20
Class2.4.8    Competition  2-20
Lithium Ion™ Cells: 3-52.5   Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Lithium-Ion
3.1.3    GM and A123Systems Co-DevelopBattery Market Forecasts  2-21
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Chevrolet Volt 3-112.5.1    Largest Target Market, The
3.1.4    A123Systems / GE Production ContractTransportation Industry  2-25
forThin Film Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery EV
Norewegian Think Electric Vehicles  3-12Market 2-27
3.1.5    A123Systems Patent forThin Film Lithium-Ion And Lithium Polymer
Nanophosphate™Automotive Batteries  2-27
Lithium Ion Battery Technology  3-142.6   Thin-Film and Printed Batteries: On-Board
3.2   LG Chem   3-15Solutions for Low-Power Electronics  2-29
3.2.1    LG Lithium-Ion Cylindrical Battery  3-152.6.1    Solicore Tiny Flat Battery  2-31
3.2.2    LG Lithium-ion Polymer Battery  3-152.6.2    Thin-Film, Organic, and Printed Batteries:
3.2.3    LG Lithium-ion Battery Prismatic Type On-Board Solutions for Low-Power Electronics 
3-172-32
3.2.4    LG Chem   3-172.7   Cell Phone, Communications, And PC
3.3   SAFT   3-18Lithium-Ion
3.3.1    Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries  3-18Battery Technology Markets Discussion  2-33
3.3.2    Saft is Li-ion Batteries For Commercial2.7.1    Samsung SDI  2-33
GEO Satellites to JSC ISS of Russia  3-192.7.2    BYD   2-33
3.3.3    Saft Contract To Power Hybrid Electric2.7.3    Saft 2-33
Mobile2.7.4    Portable Power Competition  2-34
Utility Systems From Titan Energy Development2.8   Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Portable
3-21Power
3.3.4    Saft and ABB Develop New HighMarket, Power Tools Market Shares  2-34
Voltage Li-ion2.8.1    A123 Systems  2-36
Battery System   3-222.9   Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Portable
3.3.5    Saft Hybrid Battery Technology forPower,
Wisconsin Clean Energy  3-24Power Tools Market Forecasts  2-37
3.3.6    Saft High-Energy Lithium-Ion (Li-ion)2.10     Lithium-Ion Battery Technology Electric
Batteries For Raytheon  3-25Grid Services Markets  2-40
3.3.7    Saft Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Battery Backup2.10.1  Electric Grid Services  2-42
Systems  3-252.11     Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Market
3.3.8    Saft Energy Storage As A KeyPositioning  2-43
Renewable Energy Enabling Technology  3-262.11.1  US And Its Allies Are Changing The Military
3.3.9    Saft / Solion Large Li-ion batteries Landscape  2-48
3-272.12     Digital Device Battery Forecasts  2-51
3.3.10  Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-So2) 
Batteries  3-313. Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Product
3.3.11  Saft Lithium Technologies  3-32Description   3-1
3.3.12  Saft Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) 3-323.1   A123 Systems  3-1
3.3.13  Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) - LS/LST3.1.1    A123 Systems Lithium Ion Cell
LSG cell ranges  3-35Construction
3.3.14  Saft Small LS/LST bobbin cells  3-36Based On A Dual Plate Tubular Design  3-4
3.3.15  Saft Large LS/T bobbin cells  3-383.1.2    A123Systems 32 Series Automotive
3.3.16  Saft Lithium-Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO2)Class
3-43Lithium Ion™ Cells: 3-5
3.3.17  Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) 3-433.1.3    GM and A123Systems Co-Develop
3.4   BYD   3-50Lithium-Ion Battery Cell for Chevrolet Volt 3-11
3.4.1    Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake3.1.4    A123Systems / GE Production Contract
In BYDfor
Chinese Battery Manufacturer 3-50Norewegian Think Electric Vehicles  3-12
3.4.2    BYD Battery Expertise  3-523.1.5    A123Systems Patent for
3.5   Panasonic / Sanyo  3-53Nanophosphate™
3.6   Samsung  3-54Lithium Ion Battery Technology  3-14
3.7   Ener1  / EnerDel 3-553.2   LG Chem   3-15
3.7.1    EnerDel Lithium-Ion Prismatic Design 3.2.1    LG Lithium-Ion Cylindrical Battery  3-15
3-563.2.2    LG Lithium-ion Polymer Battery  3-15
3.7.2    EnerDel Addressing Market Demand for3.2.3    LG Lithium-ion Battery Prismatic Type 
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) 3-563-17
3.7.3    EnerDel 5Amp Battery Pack  3-603.2.4    LG Chem   3-17
3.8   Imara  3-603.3   SAFT   3-18
3.9   ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen3.3.1    Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batteries  3-18
Chemical 3-623.3.2    Saft is Li-ion Batteries For Commercial
3.9.1    Tonen Chemical Leading Supplier OfGEO Satellites to JSC ISS of Russia  3-19
Separators3.3.3    Saft Contract To Power Hybrid Electric
For Lithium Ion Batteries  3-63Mobile
3.10     NEC   3-63Utility Systems From Titan Energy Development
3.10.1  Nissan and NEC Group  3-643-21
3.10.2  Nissan And NEC Joint Venture  3-653.3.4    Saft and ABB Develop New High
3.10.3  NEC High-Performance Lithium-IonVoltage Li-ion
BatteriesBattery System   3-22
Employ A Compact Laminated Configuration 3.3.5    Saft Hybrid Battery Technology for
3-66Wisconsin Clean Energy  3-24
3.10.4  NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese3.3.6    Saft High-Energy Lithium-Ion (Li-ion)
Batteries  3-67Batteries For Raytheon  3-25
3.10.5  NEC Lamilion Energy  3-683.3.7    Saft Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Battery Backup
3.10.6  NEC Subaru  3-68Systems  3-25
3.10.7  NEC Thin Film Battery Has Sixteen3.3.8    Saft Energy Storage As A Key
ModulesRenewable Energy Enabling Technology  3-26
Consisting Of Twelve Cells, Serially Connected 3.3.9    Saft / Solion Large Li-ion batteries 
3-693-27
3.10.8  NEC / Subaru Thin Film Battery Flat3.3.10  Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-So2)
Shape  3-69Batteries  3-31
3.11     Sony  3-713.3.11  Saft Lithium Technologies  3-32
3.12     Matshushita Industrial Co., Ltd. 3.3.12  Saft Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) 3-32
(Panasonic) 3-733.3.13  Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) - LS/LST
3.12.1  Panasonic Lithium Batteries  3-74LSG cell ranges  3-35
3.12.2  Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargeable3.3.14  Saft Small LS/LST bobbin cells  3-36
Batteries  3-753.3.15  Saft Large LS/T bobbin cells  3-38
3.13     E-One Moli Energy  3-793.3.16  Saft Lithium-Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO2)
3.13.1  Product Data Sheets  3-813-43
3.14     QuantumSphere  3-823.3.17  Saft Lithium-ion (Li-ion) 3-43
3.15     Solicore Ultra Thin-Film Battery  3-843.4   BYD   3-50
3.15.1  Solicore's Flexion Lithium Polymer3.4.1    Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake
Batteries  3-86In BYD
3.15.2  Solicore Flexion Lithium Powered Cards Chinese Battery Manufacturer 3-50
3-873.4.2    BYD Battery Expertise  3-52
3.15.3  Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency3.5   Panasonic / Sanyo  3-53
Identification) Devices  3-893.6   Samsung  3-54
3.15.4  Solicore's Flexion® Batteries Bluechip3.7   Ener1  / EnerDel 3-55
Million Unit Purchase  3-903.7.1    EnerDel Lithium-Ion Prismatic Design 
3.15.5  Solicore Supports Smart Cards  3-913-56
3.16     Cymbet EnerChip™ Solid-State,3.7.2    EnerDel Addressing Market Demand for
RechargeableHybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) 3-56
Thin-Film Batteries  3-923.7.3    EnerDel 5Amp Battery Pack  3-60
3.16.1  Cymbet Enerchip™ Sensors Support3.8   Imara  3-60
3-943.9   ExxonMobil Affiliate in Japan / Tonen
3.17     Front Edge Technology  3-95Chemical 3-62
3.18     Excellatron Thin-Film Micro-Batteries 3.9.1    Tonen Chemical Leading Supplier Of
3-95Separators
3.18.1  Contrast To Conventional Lithium Cells For Lithium Ion Batteries  3-63
3-953.10     NEC   3-63
3.18.2  Excellatron Market Advantage  3-973.10.1  Nissan and NEC Group  3-64
3.18.3  Excellatron Battery Current State of the3.10.2  Nissan And NEC Joint Venture  3-65
Art 3-993.10.3  NEC High-Performance Lithium-Ion
3.18.4  Excellatron Battery Intrinsically Safe Batteries
3-101Employ A Compact Laminated Configuration 
3.18.5  High Temperature Performance of3-66
Excellatron Thin Film Batteries  3-1013.10.4  NEC / Nissan Low-Cost Lithium-Manganese
3.18.6  Excellatron Long Cycle Life  3-109Batteries  3-67
3.18.7  Excellatron Polymer Film Substrate for3.10.5  NEC Lamilion Energy  3-68
Thin Flexible Profile  3-1113.10.6  NEC Subaru  3-68
3.18.8  Excellatron Unique Proprietary Passivation3.10.7  NEC Thin Film Battery Has Sixteen
Barrier and Packaging Solution  3-113Modules
3.19     Front Edge 50,000 Prototypes OfConsisting Of Twelve Cells, Serially Connected 
Nanoenergy Batteries  3-1173-69
3.19.1  Front Edge Technology (FET) 3-1173.10.8  NEC / Subaru Thin Film Battery Flat
3.20     Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) FlexibleShape  3-69
Thin-Film Batteries  3-1273.11     Sony  3-71
3.20.1  Infinite Power Solutions  3-1293.12     Matshushita Industrial Co., Ltd. 
3.21     Oak Ridge Micro-Energy  3-130(Panasonic) 3-73
3.21.1  Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Thin Film3.12.1  Panasonic Lithium Batteries  3-74
Batteries  3-1323.12.2  Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargeable
3.22     Energizer  3-132Batteries  3-75
3.22.1  Energizer Holdings  3-1333.13     E-One Moli Energy  3-79
3.23     Valence  3-1343.13.1  Product Data Sheets  3-81
3.23.1  PVI for Valence's U-Charge(R) XP Energy3.14     QuantumSphere  3-82
Storage Systems  3-1343.15     Solicore Ultra Thin-Film Battery  3-84
3.23.2  Valence Lithium Phosphate  3-1353.15.1  Solicore's Flexion Lithium Polymer
3.23.3  Valence Lithium Phosphate Stability andBatteries  3-86
Dependability  3-1373.15.2  Solicore Flexion Lithium Powered Cards 
3.23.4  Valence Safety Focus  3-1373-87
3.23.5  Valence Lithium Phosphate Alternative to3.15.3  Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency
Lead-Acid  3-138Identification) Devices  3-89
3.23.6  Valence Lithium Phosphate Storage and3.15.4  Solicore's Flexion® Batteries Bluechip
Run-Time  3-138Million Unit Purchase  3-90
3.23.7  Valence Lithium Phosphate Safety and3.15.5  Solicore Supports Smart Cards  3-91
Maintenance Free  3-1383.16     Cymbet EnerChip™ Solid-State,
3.24     ITN Energy Systems  3-139Rechargeable
3.24.1  ITN Intelligent Processing, Sensors, &Thin-Film Batteries  3-92
Controls: 3-1423.16.1  Cymbet Enerchip™ Sensors Support
3.24.2  ITN Control: 3-1443-94
3.24.3  ITN Sensors  3-1473.17     Front Edge Technology  3-95
3.24.4  ITN Unique Sensors: X-Ray Fluorescence3.18     Excellatron Thin-Film Micro-Batteries 
And3-95
Parallel Detection Spectroscopic Ellipsometer 3-1483.18.1  Contrast To Conventional Lithium Cells 
3.25     ULVAC   3-1593-95
3.26     Intersil 3-1593.18.2  Excellatron Market Advantage  3-97
 3.18.3  Excellatron Battery Current State of the
4. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Technology  Art 3-99
4-13.18.4  Excellatron Battery Intrinsically Safe 
4.1   Vendor Lithium-ion Battery Strategy  4-13-101
4.1.1    Rechargeable Lithium Batteries3.18.5  High Temperature Performance of
Characteristics  4-2Excellatron Thin Film Batteries  3-101
4.2   Challenges in Battery Design  4-33.18.6  Excellatron Long Cycle Life  3-109
4.2.1    Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries3.18.7  Excellatron Polymer Film Substrate for
Requirements  4-7Thin Flexible Profile  3-111
4.3   Vendor Lithium-Ion Battery Positioning 3.18.8  Excellatron Unique Proprietary Passivation
4-8Barrier and Packaging Solution  3-113
4.3.1    High-Quality, Volume Manufacturing3.19     Front Edge 50,000 Prototypes Of
Facilities  4-10Nanoenergy Batteries  3-117
4.4   Applications Of Lithium-Ion Batteries  4-113.19.1  Front Edge Technology (FET) 3-117
4.5   Mobile Phone Industry  4-123.20     Infinite Power Solutions (IPS) Flexible
4.5.1    Nanowires  4-13Thin-Film Batteries  3-127
4.5.2    Thin Film Battery Enabling Chemistries 3.20.1  Infinite Power Solutions  3-129
4-133.21     Oak Ridge Micro-Energy  3-130
4.5.3    The Cathodes  4-143.21.1  Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Thin Film
4.5.4    Solid State Devices Provide MoreBatteries  3-132
Energy Density  4-143.22     Energizer  3-132
4.6   Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries  4-153.22.1  Energizer Holdings  3-133
4.6.1    Lithium-Ion Battery Shortcomings  4-183.23     Valence  3-134
4.6.2    Charging  4-193.23.1  PVI for Valence's U-Charge(R) XP Energy
4.6.3    Applications  4-19Storage Systems  3-134
4.6.4    Costs  4-203.23.2  Valence Lithium Phosphate  3-135
4.7   Lithium Cell Chemistry Variants  4-203.23.3  Valence Lithium Phosphate Stability and
4.7.1    Lithium-ion  4-21Dependability  3-137
4.7.2    Lithium-ion Polymer 4-223.23.4  Valence Safety Focus  3-137
4.7.3    Other Lithium Cathode Chemistry3.23.5  Valence Lithium Phosphate Alternative to
Variants  4-23Lead-Acid  3-138
4.7.4    Lithium Cobalt LiCoO2  4-233.23.6  Valence Lithium Phosphate Storage and
4.7.5    Lithium Manganese LiMn2O4  4-23Run-Time  3-138
4.7.6    Lithium Nickel LiNiO2  4-243.23.7  Valence Lithium Phosphate Safety and
4.7.7    Lithium (NCM) Nickel Cobal Manganese -Maintenance Free  3-138
Li(NiCoMn)O2  4-243.24     ITN Energy Systems  3-139
4.7.8    Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4  4-243.24.1  ITN Intelligent Processing, Sensors, &
4.8   Operating Performance Of The Cell Can BeControls: 3-142
Tuned  4-253.24.2  ITN Control: 3-144
4.9   Lithium Metal Polymer  4-263.24.3  ITN Sensors  3-147
4.9.1    Lithium Sulphur Li2S8  4-263.24.4  ITN Unique Sensors: X-Ray Fluorescence
4.9.2    Alternative Anode Chemistry  4-26And
4.10     ExxonMobil affiliate, Tonen ChemicalParallel Detection Spectroscopic Ellipsometer 3-148
Polyethylene-Based, Porous Film   4-273.25     ULVAC   3-159
4.11     Cymbet Alternate Manufacturing 3.26     Intersil 3-159
4-27 
4.12     Thin-Film Batteries Packaging  4-274. Thin Film Lithium Ion Battery Technology  
4.13     ITN Energy Systems Fibrous4-1
Substrates, PowerFiber  4-284.1   Vendor Lithium-ion Battery Strategy  4-1
4.13.1  ITN Sensors  4-314.1.1    Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
4.14     Cell Construction  4-32Characteristics  4-2
4.15     Impact Of Nanotechnology  4-334.2   Challenges in Battery Design  4-3
4.16     Thin Film Batteries  4-344.2.1    Advanced Lithium-ion Batteries
4.16.1  Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs Requirements  4-7
4-374.3   Vendor Lithium-Ion Battery Positioning 
4.16.2  High Power And Energy Density  4-374-8
4.16.3  High Rate Capability  4-384.3.1    High-Quality, Volume Manufacturing
4.17     Comparison Of Rechargeable BatteryFacilities  4-10
Performance  4-394.4   Applications Of Lithium-Ion Batteries  4-11
4.18     Polymer Film Substrate  4-454.5   Mobile Phone Industry  4-12
4.19     Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte  4-464.5.1    Nanowires  4-13
 4.5.2    Thin Film Battery Enabling Chemistries 
5.1  Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Lithium-Ion4-13
Company Profiles   5-14.5.3    The Cathodes  4-14
5.1   Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery4.5.4    Solid State Devices Provide More
Lithium-Ion  5-1Energy Density  4-14
5.2   A123 Systems  5-14.6   Advantages of Lithium-Ion Batteries  4-15
5.2.1    A123 Systems Revenue  5-14.6.1    Lithium-Ion Battery Shortcomings  4-18
5.2.2    A123Systems Registration Statement4.6.2    Charging  4-19
for Initial Public Offering  5-24.6.3    Applications  4-19
5.2.3    A123 Systems Batteries Benefits  5-24.6.4    Costs  4-20
5.2.4    A123 Systems Competitive4.7   Lithium Cell Chemistry Variants  4-20
Advantage  5-44.7.1    Lithium-ion  4-21
5.2.5    A123 Systems Strategy  5-74.7.2    Lithium-ion Polymer 4-22
5.2.6    A123Systems and GE   5-84.7.3    Other Lithium Cathode Chemistry
5.2.7    A123 Acquisition of Hymotion  5-9Variants  4-23
5.2.8    Procter & Gamble Duracell and4.7.4    Lithium Cobalt LiCoO2  4-23
A123 Systems Collaborate  5-104.7.5    Lithium Manganese LiMn2O4  4-23
5.2.9    Cobasys and A123 Systems  5-104.7.6    Lithium Nickel LiNiO2  4-24
5.3   Advanced Cerametrics  5-114.7.7    Lithium (NCM) Nickel Cobal Manganese -
5.4   Altair Nanotechnologies  5-12Li(NiCoMn)O2  4-24
5.4.1    Altair Nanotechnologies Power and4.7.8    Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4  4-24
Energy Group  5-124.8   Operating Performance Of The Cell Can Be
5.4.2    Altair Nanotechnologies PerformanceTuned  4-25
Materials Division  5-124.9   Lithium Metal Polymer  4-26
5.4.3    Altair Nanotechnologies Life Sciences4.9.1    Lithium Sulphur Li2S8  4-26
Division  5-144.9.2    Alternative Anode Chemistry  4-26
5.4.4    Altair Nanotechnologies One-Megawatt4.10     ExxonMobil affiliate, Tonen Chemical
BatteryPolyethylene-Based, Porous Film   4-27
System Available for Commercial Operation by4.11     Cymbet Alternate Manufacturing 
AES4-27
Energy Storage, LLC   5-144.12     Thin-Film Batteries Packaging  4-27
5.4.5    Altair Nanotechnologies Revenues  5-154.13     ITN Energy Systems Fibrous
5.5   Applied Data  5-16Substrates, PowerFiber  4-28
5.6   Bekaert 5-164.13.1  ITN Sensors  4-31
5.7   Robert Bosch GmbH   5-174.14     Cell Construction  4-32
5.8   Boston Power / Sonata  5-174.15     Impact Of Nanotechnology  4-33
5.9   BYD   5-214.16     Thin Film Batteries  4-34
5.9.1    Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake4.16.1  Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs 
In BYD4-37
Chinese Battery Manufacturer 5-214.16.2  High Power And Energy Density  4-37
5.10     Cymbet 5-234.16.3  High Rate Capability  4-38
5.10.1  Cymbet Thin-Film, Solid-State Battery4.17     Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery
Technology  5-23Performance  4-39
5.10.2  Cymbet and ANT Wireless Sensor4.18     Polymer Film Substrate  4-45
Network  5-234.19     Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte  4-46
5.10.3  Garmin International ANT™ Wireless 
Network  5-255.1  Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery Lithium-Ion
5.11     Dow   5-25Company Profiles   5-1
5.12     E-One Moli Energy Group  5-265.1   Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery
5.13     Ener1  5-27Lithium-Ion  5-1
5.13.1  Ener1 Third Quarter 2008 Revenue  5-275.2   A123 Systems  5-1
5.13.2  Ener1 Positioning Technology Originally5.2.1    A123 Systems Revenue  5-1
Pioneered By Argonne National Lab  5-305.2.2    A123Systems Registration Statement
5.13.3  Ener1 Acquires Enertech Leading Koreanfor Initial Public Offering  5-2
Lithium-ion Battery Cell Producer 5-315.2.3    A123 Systems Batteries Benefits  5-2
5.13.4  Ener1 / Enertech Specializes In Producing5.2.4    A123 Systems Competitive
Large Format Flat ("Prismatic") Cells  5-32Advantage  5-4
5.13.5  EnerDel Operations  5-345.2.5    A123 Systems Strategy  5-7
5.14     Energizer  5-395.2.6    A123Systems and GE   5-8
5.15     Excellatron  5-445.2.7    A123 Acquisition of Hymotion  5-9
5.16     Exon  5-455.2.8    Procter & Gamble Duracell and
5.16.1  ExxonMobil Chemical / Tonen ChemicalA123 Systems Collaborate  5-10
Corporation  5-465.2.9    Cobasys and A123 Systems  5-10
5.17     Front Edge Technology (FET) 5-475.3   Advanced Cerametrics  5-11
5.18     GE   5-475.4   Altair Nanotechnologies  5-12
5.18.1  GE Global Research  5-485.4.1    Altair Nanotechnologies Power and
5.18.2  GE Energy Financial Services  5-48Energy Group  5-12
5.19     GM    5-485.4.2    Altair Nanotechnologies Performance
5.19.1  General Motors Faces Bankruptcy  5-50Materials Division  5-12
5.20     Ignite  5-515.4.3    Altair Nanotechnologies Life Sciences
5.21     IPS  5-51Division  5-14
5.22     Johnson Controls-Saft 5-525.4.4    Altair Nanotechnologies One-Megawatt
5.23     KSW Microtec  5-52Battery
5.24     LG Petrochemical 5-53System Available for Commercial Operation by
5.24.1  LG Chem   5-54AES
5.25     MMT Funds  5-54Energy Storage, LLC   5-14
5.26     NEC   5-545.4.5    Altair Nanotechnologies Revenues  5-15
5.26.1  Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., NEC, And5.5   Applied Data  5-16
Subsidiary5.6   Bekaert 5-16
NEC TOKIN Joint-Venture Company - Automotive5.7   Robert Bosch GmbH   5-17
Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) - 5-555.8   Boston Power / Sonata  5-17
5.26.2  First Commercial Application For AESC's5.9   BYD   5-21
Li-Ion Batteries  5-575.9.1    Warren Buffett Buys 10 Percent Stake
5.26.3  NEC TOKIN Lithium-Manganese ElectrodesIn BYD
by 2009  5-59Chinese Battery Manufacturer 5-21
5.26.4  Nissan Partnership With NEC   5-595.10     Cymbet 5-23
5.26.5  NEC Lamilion Energy  5-605.10.1  Cymbet Thin-Film, Solid-State Battery
5.27     Oak Ridge Micro-Energy  5-60Technology  5-23
5.28     Panasonic / Sanyo  5-615.10.2  Cymbet and ANT Wireless Sensor
5.29     QuantumSphere  5-63Network  5-23
5.30     Saft 5-645.10.3  Garmin International ANT™ Wireless
5.30.1  Saft Battery Technologies  5-66Network  5-25
5.30.2  Saft Industrial Battery Group (IBG) 5-685.11     Dow   5-25
5.30.3  Saft Specialty Battery Group (SBG) 5-695.12     E-One Moli Energy Group  5-26
5.30.4  Saft Rechargeable Battery Systems5.13     Ener1  5-27
(RBS) 5-715.13.1  Ener1 Third Quarter 2008 Revenue  5-27
5.30.5  Saft Research and Development 5-715.13.2  Ener1 Positioning Technology Originally
5.30.6  Johnson Controls-Saft United StatesPioneered By Argonne National Lab  5-30
Advanced5.13.3  Ener1 Acquires Enertech Leading Korean
Battery Consortium (USABC) 5-72Lithium-ion Battery Cell Producer 5-31
5.31     Samsung  5-735.13.4  Ener1 / Enertech Specializes In Producing
5.32     Solicore  5-73Large Format Flat ("Prismatic") Cells  5-32
5.32.1  Solicore's Flexion® Batteries Bluechip5.13.5  EnerDel Operations  5-34
Million Unit Purchase  5-745.14     Energizer  5-39
5.32.2  Solicore Embedded Power Solutions  5-755.15     Excellatron  5-44
5.33     Think  5-755.16     Exon  5-45
5.34     Valence  5-765.16.1  ExxonMobil Chemical / Tonen Chemical
5.34.1  Valence Strategy  5-77Corporation  5-46
5.34.2  Phases Of Valence Business Strategy 5.17     Front Edge Technology (FET) 5-47
5-785.18     GE   5-47
5.35     Ulvac  5-805.18.1  GE Global Research  5-48
 5.18.2  GE Energy Financial Services  5-48
Tables and Figures5.19     GM    5-48
Table ES-1  ES-45.19.1  General Motors Faces Bankruptcy  5-50
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces 5.20     Ignite  5-51
Table ES-2  ES-65.21     IPS  5-51
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries 5.22     Johnson Controls-Saft 5-52
Figure ES-3  ES-85.23     KSW Microtec  5-52
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery5.24     LG Petrochemical 5-53
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 5.24.1  LG Chem   5-54
Figure ES-4  ES-105.25     MMT Funds  5-54
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced5.26     NEC   5-54
Battery 5.26.1  Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., NEC, And
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015 Subsidiary
 NEC TOKIN Joint-Venture Company - Automotive
Table 1-1  1-3Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) - 5-55
Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable5.26.2  First Commercial Application For AESC's
Batteries Li-Ion Batteries  5-57
Figure 1-2  1-85.26.3  NEC TOKIN Lithium-Manganese Electrodes
BMW's Mini E Electric Car Powered By Aby 2009  5-59
Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery 5.26.4  Nissan Partnership With NEC   5-59
Table 1-3  1-95.26.5  NEC Lamilion Energy  5-60
Examples of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 5.27     Oak Ridge Micro-Energy  5-60
Figure 1-4  1-195.28     Panasonic / Sanyo  5-61
Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State5.29     QuantumSphere  5-63
Battery 5.30     Saft 5-64
Table 1-5  1-225.30.1  Saft Battery Technologies  5-66
Characteristics Of Battery Cells 5.30.2  Saft Industrial Battery Group (IBG) 5-68
 5.30.3  Saft Specialty Battery Group (SBG) 5-69
Table 2-1  2-45.30.4  Saft Rechargeable Battery Systems
Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces (RBS) 5-71
Table 2-2  2-65.30.5  Saft Research and Development 5-71
Energy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries 5.30.6  Johnson Controls-Saft United States
Figure 2-3  2-8Advanced
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AdvancedBattery Consortium (USABC) 5-72
Battery 5.31     Samsung  5-73
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 5.32     Solicore  5-73
Table 2-4  2-95.32.1  Solicore's Flexion® Batteries Bluechip
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AdvancedMillion Unit Purchase  5-74
Battery 5.32.2  Solicore Embedded Power Solutions  5-75
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 5.33     Think  5-75
Figure 2-5  2-125.34     Valence  5-76
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced5.34.1  Valence Strategy  5-77
Battery 5.34.2  Phases Of Valence Business Strategy 
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015 5-78
Figure 2-6  2-135.35     Ulvac  5-80
Worldwide Lithium-Ion and Advanced Lithium-ion 
Battery Market Forecasts,  Automotive, PowerTables and Figures
Tools,Table ES-1  ES-4
Electric Grid, and PC Card,  Dollars, 2009-2015 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces 
Figure 2-7  2-14Table ES-2  ES-6
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AutomotiveEnergy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries 
Advanced Battery Figure ES-3  ES-8
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced Battery
Figure 2-8  2-15Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AutomotiveFigure ES-4  ES-10
Advanced Battery Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 Battery 
 Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015 
Figure 2-9  2-21 
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AdvancedTable 1-1  1-3
Battery Principal Features Used To Compare Rechargeable
Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015 Batteries 
Figure 2-10  2-22Figure 1-2  1-8
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AdvancedBMW's Mini E Electric Car Powered By A
Battery Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery 
Shipments, Market Shares, Units, 2009-2015 Table 1-3  1-9
Figure 2-11  2-23Examples of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film AdvancedFigure 1-4  1-19
Battery Typical Structure Of A Thin Film Solid State
Shipments, Market Shares, Units and Dollars,Battery 
2009-2015 Table 1-5  1-22
Figure 2-12  2-30Characteristics Of Battery Cells 
Worldwide PC Card On Board Lithium-Ion 
Batteries Table 2-1  2-4
Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015 Lithium-Ion Battery Market Driving Forces 
Figure 2-13  2-35Table 2-2  2-6
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless ToolEnergy Advantages Of Thin-Film Batteries 
Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares,Figure 2-3  2-8
Dollars, 2008 Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
Table 2-14  2-36Battery 
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless ToolShipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 
Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares,Table 2-4  2-9
Dollars, 2008 Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
Figure 2-15  2-38Battery 
Worldwide Lithium-Ion Battery Portable PowerShipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 
Tool and Advanced Portable Battery Shipments,Figure 2-5  2-12
Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015 Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
Figure 2-16  2-41Battery 
Worldwide Electric Grid Lithium-Ion BatteryShipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015 
Storage Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015 Figure 2-6  2-13
Table 2-17  2-45Worldwide Lithium-Ion and Advanced Lithium-ion
Commercialization Challenges Of The Automotive,Battery Market Forecasts,  Automotive, Power
Truck, and Bus Thin Film Battery Industry Tools,
Table 2-18  2-47Electric Grid, and PC Card,  Dollars, 2009-2015 
Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal TransportFigure 2-7  2-14
Power Systems Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive
Table 2-19  2-49Advanced Battery 
Requirements For Advanced Power Sources In AShipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 
Variety Of Military Applications Figure 2-8  2-15
Table 2-20  2-50Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Automotive
Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery KeyAdvanced Battery 
Advantages Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2008 
Table 2-20 (Continued) 2-51 
Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery KeyFigure 2-9  2-21
Advantages Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
 Battery 
Figure 3-1  3-2Shipments, Market Shares, Dollars, 2009-2015 
A123 Systems Lithium Ion Battery Figure 2-10  2-22
Table 3-2  3-3Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
A123 Systems APR18650M1 Features Battery 
Figure 3-3  3-4Shipments, Market Shares, Units, 2009-2015 
A123 Systems lithium ion battery Cells: 26650 Figure 2-11  2-23
Figure 3-4  3-5Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Advanced
A123 Cells: 32 Series Battery 
Figure 3-5  3-7Shipments, Market Shares, Units and Dollars,
A123 Systems Hybrid Characteristics 2009-2015 
Figure 3-6  3-8Figure 2-12  2-30
A123 Systems Hybrid Discharge Characteristics Worldwide PC Card On Board Lithium-Ion
 Batteries 
Table 3-7  3-9Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015 
A123 Systems Benefits...Figure 2-13  2-35
Table 3-8  3-10Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless Tool
A123 Systems Heavy Duty Custom and StandardAdvanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares,
Solutions Dollars, 2008 
Figure 3-9  3-16Table 2-14  2-36
LG Chem Lithium-Ion Batteries Worldwide Lithium-Ion Thin Film Cordless Tool
Table 3-10  3-32Advanced Battery Shipments, Market Shares,
Saft Lithium Technologies Dollars, 2008 
Table 3-11  3-33Figure 2-15  2-38
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications Worldwide Lithium-Ion Battery Portable Power
Table 3-11  (Continued) 3-34Tool and Advanced Portable Battery Shipments,
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015 
Figure 3-12  3-35Figure 2-16  2-41
Saft Non Rechargeable Battery Worldwide Electric Grid Lithium-Ion Battery
Table 3-13  3-39Storage Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2009-2015 
Saft Lithium-Ion Construction Features Table 2-17  2-45
Table 3-14  3-40Commercialization Challenges Of The Automotive,
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Benefits Truck, and Bus Thin Film Battery Industry 
Figure 3-15  3-42Table 2-18  2-47
Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-SO2) Batteries Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport
Table 3-16  3-44Power Systems 
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations Table 2-19  2-49
Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-45Requirements For Advanced Power Sources In A
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations Variety Of Military Applications 
Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-46Table 2-20  2-50
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Key
Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-47Advantages 
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations Table 2-20 (Continued) 2-51
Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-48Large-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Key
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations Advantages 
Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-49 
Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations Figure 3-1  3-2
Figure 3-17  3-57A123 Systems Lithium Ion Battery 
EnerDel Automotive Battery Table 3-2  3-3
Table 3-18  3-58A123 Systems APR18650M1 Features 
EnerDel Lithium Ion Battery System for HEVs Figure 3-3  3-4
Table 3-19  3-59A123 Systems lithium ion battery Cells: 26650 
EnerDel Automotive Battery Features Figure 3-4  3-5
Table 3-20  3-60A123 Cells: 32 Series 
Imara Thin Film Battery Cells Figure 3-5  3-7
Figure 3-21  3-65A123 Systems Hybrid Characteristics 
NEC Fuel Cells and Catalysts Figure 3-6  3-8
Table 3-22  3-72A123 Systems Hybrid Discharge Characteristics 
Key Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion 
Rechargeable Battery Table 3-7  3-9
Table 3-22  (Continued) 3-73A123 Systems Benefits...
Key Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium IonTable 3-8  3-10
Rechargeable Battery A123 Systems Heavy Duty Custom and Standard
Figure 3-23  3-74Solutions 
Panasonic Lithium Batteries Figure 3-9  3-16
Figure 3-24  3-75LG Chem Lithium-Ion Batteries 
Panasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargable Batteries Table 3-10  3-32
Table 3-25  3-76Saft Lithium Technologies 
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion BatteriesTable 3-11  3-33
Features:Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications 
Table 3-26  3-76Table 3-11  (Continued) 3-34
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Main applications 
Table 3-27  3-77Figure 3-12  3-35
Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries Saft Non Rechargeable Battery 
Table 3-28  3-85Table 3-13  3-39
Solicore Flexion Battery Product Features:Saft Lithium-Ion Construction Features 
Table 3-29  3-86Table 3-14  3-40
Solicore's Flexion Lithium Polymer BatterySaft Lithium-Ion Battery Benefits 
Applications Figure 3-15  3-42
Table 3-30  3-87Saft Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide (Li-SO2) Batteries 
Solicore's Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery Uses Table 3-16  3-44
Figure 3-31  3-88Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations 
Solicore Flexion High Temperature BatteriesTable 3-16  (Continued) 3-45
Survive Lamination Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations 
Table 3-31A   3-89Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-46
Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations 
Applications Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-47
Table 3-32  3-96Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations 
Excellatron Nanotechnology Thin Film BatteryTable 3-16  (Continued) 3-48
Features Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations 
Table 3-33  3-97Table 3-16  (Continued) 3-49
Excellatron Battery Advantages Saft Lithium-Ion Battery Variations 
Table 3-34  3-99Figure 3-17  3-57
Excellatron Battery Thin Film Solid State BatteryEnerDel Automotive Battery 
Components Table 3-18  3-58
Figure 3-35  3-102EnerDel Lithium Ion Battery System for HEVs 
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/DischargeTable 3-19  3-59
Profile at 25ºC.EnerDel Automotive Battery Features 
Figure 3-36  3-103Table 3-20  3-60
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/DischargeImara Thin Film Battery Cells 
Profile At 150ºC.Figure 3-21  3-65
Figure 3-37  3-104NEC Fuel Cells and Catalysts 
Excellatron High Temperature (150ºC) ChargeTable 3-22  3-72
AndKey Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion
Discharge Capacity Rechargeable Battery 
Figure 3-38  3-106Table 3-22  (Continued) 3-73
Excellatron Capacity And Resistance Of Thin FilmKey Features of Sony NP-FP71 Hybrid Lithium Ion
BatteryRechargeable Battery 
As A Function Of Temperature Figure 3-23  3-74
Figure 3-39  3-106Panasonic Lithium Batteries 
Excellatron's Battery (0.1 mAh) Discharged By AFigure 3-24  3-75
100 mAPanasonic Lithium-Ion Rechargable Batteries 
Pulse at 80ºC.Table 3-25  3-76
Figure 3-40  3-108Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries
Excellatron High Rate Pulse Discharge Features:
Figure 3-41  3-109Table 3-26  3-76
Long Term Cyclability Of A Thin Film Solid StatePanasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries 
Battery Table 3-27  3-77
Figure 3-42: 3-110Panasonic Rechargeable Lithium ion Batteries 
Excellatron Thin Film Battery Long TermTable 3-28  3-85
Cyclability Solicore Flexion Battery Product Features:
Figure 3-43  3-111Table 3-29  3-86
Discharge Capacity Of Several Typical CathodeSolicore's Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery
Materials Applications 
Figure 3-44: 3-112Table 3-30  3-87
Excellatron Thin film batteries deposited on a thinSolicore's Flexion Lithium Polymer Battery Uses 
polymer substrate.Figure 3-31  3-88
Figure 3-45  3-114Solicore Flexion High Temperature Batteries
Excellatron Proprietary Passivation Barrier andSurvive Lamination 
Packaging Table 3-31A   3-89
Table 3-46  3-115Solicore RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Comparison Of Battery Performances Applications 
Figure 3-47  3-131Table 3-32  3-96
Oak Ridge Construction of a Thin Film Battery Excellatron Nanotechnology Thin Film Battery
Table 3-48  3-136Features 
Key Features of Valence Lithium PhosphateTable 3-33  3-97
Technology Excellatron Battery Advantages 
Table 3-49  3-139Table 3-34  3-99
ITN Commercial Markets:Excellatron Battery Thin Film Solid State Battery
Figure 3-50  3-140Components 
ITN Thin Film Battery:Figure 3-35  3-102
Table 3-51  3-141Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/Discharge
ITN Thin Film Battery Design FeaturesProfile at 25ºC.
Advantages Figure 3-36  3-103
Table 3-52  3-142Excellatron Thin Film Battery Charge/Discharge
ITN Thin Film Battery Economical production Profile At 150ºC.
Table 3-53  3-143Figure 3-37  3-104
ITN Thin Film Battery Strengths Excellatron High Temperature (150ºC) Charge
Figure 3-54  3-145And
ITN Intelligent Process ControlDischarge Capacity 
Figure 3-55  3-146Figure 3-38  3-106
Framework of Intelligent Processing of Materials Excellatron Capacity And Resistance Of Thin Film
Figure 3-56  3-149Battery
XRF Instrument Developed by ITN Used on aAs A Function Of Temperature 
System  Figure 3-39  3-106
Figure 3-57  3-150Excellatron's Battery (0.1 mAh) Discharged By A
Thin Film Deposition 100 mA
Figure 3- 58  3-150Pulse at 80ºC.
ITP Thin-film Process Figure 3-40  3-108
Table 3-59  3-151Excellatron High Rate Pulse Discharge 
Thin-film Process Capabilities Figure 3-41  3-109
Table 3-60  3-152Long Term Cyclability Of A Thin Film Solid State
ITNThin-film Material Processing ExperienceBattery 
Metals Figure 3-42: 3-110
 Excellatron Thin Film Battery Long Term
Table 4-1  4-4Cyclability 
Challenges in Lithium-ion Battery Design Figure 3-43  3-111
Table 4-2  4-35Discharge Capacity Of Several Typical Cathode
Thin Film Battery Unique Properties Materials 
Table 4-3  4-38Figure 3-44: 3-112
Comparison of battery performances Excellatron Thin film batteries deposited on a thin
Table 4-4  4-40polymer substrate.
Comparison of battery performances