Environmental Protection And Development Trend Of High Voltage Electrical Appliances Manufacturers

"Kyoto Protocol" set forth in one of the sixmaintenance oriented operation and space saving,
greenhouse gases sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gasSF6 gas has also begun to high voltage
emissions into the atmosphere mainly through thetransmission and distribution equipment in the
power transmission and distribution equipment,transformer, transmission pipelines and
especially high voltage switchgear, transformers,transformer areas such as application
transformers and gas insulated transmissiondevelopment. At present, Japan is the country
pipelines and other products are in thewith the largest production of SF6 transformers,
experimental research, manufacturing,Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fujitsu can produce.
transportation and operation and maintenanceSF6 transformers can be done at present levels
generated in the process.of 500kV and 300MVA. I also have the domestic
SF6 gas in high voltage electrical products accountproduction 10kVSF6 transformers, some of them
for about the application of SF6 gas applications,with foreign companies set up a joint venture and
80%, while the SF6 gas switch device is currentlyhave the 110kV and above, SF6 transformer
leading the field of high voltage switch products,manufacturing capacity. In addition to high voltage
but also ultra high pressure and special highSF6 gas circuit breaker in the transmission and
voltage switchgear applications and developmentdistribution equipment, GIS, load switches,
of the main directions, so understanding of thetransformers, transformers and gas transmission
environment changes and trends in the protectionpipeline is applied, there are a small part of the
and control emissions of SF6 gas into theSF6 gas is used in sports shoes, scuba diving with
atmosphere to study the SF6 gas in the powerbreathing apparatus, medical field, thermal
switching devices for power switching applicationsinsulation glass windows, casting technology used
of great significance to the development ofto protect the gas, pneumatic tires, and military
equipment.and other non electrical equipment.
Atmospheric environmental protection situationAs the world power industry development,
December 11, 1997, 149 countries and regions,especially in recent years, China's sustained and
representatives, adopted the "Kyoto Protocol"rapid development of power industry in order to
provides for six greenhouse gases (GHG), whichmeet electricity demand, steady increase in grid
are: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,construction and renovation, making the number
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons , sulfurof high voltage power transmission and
hexafluoride. This Protocol was February 16, 2005transformation equipment, demand for an
came into effect, which provides that during theunprecedented growth, increased SF6 gas usage,
period from 2008 to 2012, the main industrialbut also an increase of SF6 gas into the
greenhouse gas emissions by developed countriesatmosphere emissions. SF6 gas for electricity can
in 1990 on the basis of an average of 5.2%, ofbe seen that the contribution of the building the
which the EU will be six kinds of greenhousegreater the contribution to atmospheric
gases emission reductions of 8%, 7% reductiongreenhouse effect is also increasing.
of United States, and Japan 6%, Canada 6%SF6 gas emissions into the atmosphere means
reduction, Eastern European countries, reductionSF6 gas emissions to the atmosphere mainly
of 5% to 8%; New Zealand, Russia and Ukrainethrough the power transmission and
do not have to cut emissions can be stabilized attransformation equipment, pressure testing of
1990 levels; Protocol while allowing Ireland,new products, capacity, breaking test, factory
Australia and Norway, respectively, comparedtest, transfer of equipment, transportation,
with 1990 emissions increased by 10%, 8%, 1%;installation, operation, equipment maintenance and
developing countries have emission reductionso on. The United States during the period from
obligations.1998 to 2002 the production and processing of
China on May 29, 1998 signed the "Kyotohigh voltage circuit breakers installed in the SF6
Protocol", August 30, 2002 formally approved thegas leakage rate were investigated. As a result,
"Kyoto Protocol", although China has not provided10% of the circuit breaker leak may exist.
herein emission reduction obligations, but expertsLeakage reason: 73% occurred in the gas
predict that China's C02 emissions will sooninstallation, 21% is due to worn and damaged
overtake the U.S. as the world's first one, whencasing, and 6% is due to leakage of gas
the time will inevitably be to fulfill the "Kyotocontainers.
Protocol" emission reduction provisions. In theSF6 gas emission reduction measures and
"Eleventh Five Year" period made it clear that todevelopment trend of SF6 electrical Direction of
fulfill the "Kyoto Protocol" obligation, so SF6 gas indevelopment of high voltage electrical products,
other appliances, such as transformers,especially the SF6 high voltage electrical products,
transformers, load switches, transmission pipelines,should be to reduce emissions of SF6 gas to the
etc. The application and development of SF6 gasatmosphere, the direction of the development of
into the atmosphere should be considered thespecific measures include: 1, raising the
emissions, the study of more environmenttechnological level of manufacturing process
friendly enterprises to adapt to the economicequipment, reducing the leakage rate of SF6
development programs.electrical equipment. 2, to promote the
Characteristics of SF6 gas The study found thatminiaturization of SF6 electrical equipment and
at atmospheric pressure under the uniformreduce the volume of SF6 electrical equipment in
electric field strength of SF6 gas insulated airorder to reduce the use of SF6 gas. In order to
three times, although less than the insulating oilsignificantly advance the miniaturization of GIS and
and the high vacuum state, but the increase ofnon SF6 technology, Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd. to
SF6 gas pressure, the insulation strength will beSF6 gas and thick film dielectric coated electrode
higher than that of insulating oil, and high vacuum.composite insulation system as an object to
With air contrast study also found that, in the arcstudy the insulating properties of high pressure
discharge cases, the air temperature gradient isareas. By using thick film dielectric coated
relatively small, rough arc, SF6 gas, the overalltogether, can achieve curb the size of the metal
temperature is lower, mainly concentrated in highelectrode effect caused by the breakdown
temperature parts of the arc. Therefore, SF6 gaselectric field decline; can reduce the electrode
in the arc cut off very quickly after the cooling,space, the largest gas field, to achieve device
insulation and resilience of good air about 100miniaturization. As far as possible a high degree of
times. SF6 gas on the environmental impact ofintegration, layout and flexible composite electrical
SF6 gas molecular weight is 146, the air density isappliances or HGIS.
about 5 times. SF6 gases in the atmosphere to3, developing low pressure of the SF6 switchgear
survive life is 3200 years. Therefore, SF6 gas is aand SF6 gas mixture of electrical equipment.
very strong greenhouse gases. SF6 is aCountries in the world has been studying
greenhouse gas CO2 to the atmosphere ofalternatives to SF6 gas for many years abroad
23900 times.on a variety of mixed gases (such as SF6 N2,
In addition, SF6 gas switch device in the processSF6 CO2, SF6 CF4) in the PD characteristics of
of breaking currents will produce arc, the arc willinsulation breakdown characteristics of the study
SF6 gas under high temperature decomposition,found that for the liquefaction temperatures were
but also will produce metal vapor arc of contact,particularly low, non toxic and stable N2 gas,
due to the presence of water in interrupter will bemixed with 20% of the SF6 gas and the non
broken down, decomposed material will produceuniform electric field in the partial discharge
secondary reaction to form HF, S02, SOF2,starting voltage (PDIV) and dielectric breakdown
SOF4, SO2F4 and other harmful substances.voltage (BDV) has increased the possibility of, and,
These substances will be corrosive internal metalalso found in high gas pressure, can get 100%
components, if these substances emitted into theSF6 gas with roughly the same insulating
atmosphere on the person's body can causeproperties. So SF6 N2 is considered the preferred
injury and stimulation.alternative to SF6 gas. At present, the world's
Application and Development of SF6 Gas In 1953,first hybrid gas insulated high voltage lines N2 SF6
the United States first SF6 gas used in 115kV loadin Geneva completed. ABB has developed LTB
switch devices, in 1958, Westinghouse created a72.5 kV a 145kV GCB and HPL72.5 300B1 type
tank along the lines of the compressed air circuitGCB can be used either pure SF6 gas can also be
breaker 220kV double pressure type SF6 circuitused SF6 N2 gas mixture. When using SF6 N2
breaker. The principle of this circuit breakermixed gas, at 20 ? Rated air pressure 0.7MPa
through the SF6 gas from compressed gas(absolute), it can be used in 50 ?, while in pure
cylinders (1.5MPa) the flow of low pressure gasSF6 gas 0.5MPa (absolute), the only for 40 ?.
chamber (0.3MPa) and the cooling breaking arc.Toshiba also N2 SF6 mixed gas circuit breaker is
With this double pyramid structure, also developedstudied.
the ceramic pole SF6 circuit breaker. Followed by4, in the equipment manufacturing and equipment
Europe and Japan on the SF6 gas switch devicemaintenance during the use of advanced SF6 gas
manufacturing technology research has maderecovery unit, the recovery through a variety of
great progress and development. The emergencefilters to remove the SF6 gas in the water, oils,
of SF6 circuit breaker is a high voltage powerdust, and other elements resultant decomposition.
system circuit breaking in from the oil circuitAchieve SF6 gas recycling.
breakers, compressed air circuit breaker5, in the medium voltage (12kV 40.5kV) areas,
technology has begun a series of technologicaluse of non electrical SF6 and vacuum switchgear,
advances of recent results.high voltage (40.5kV ~ 252kV) fields to the
It is with the oil circuit breakers, compressed airspecial high voltage (800kV 1100kV) areas, to
circuit breaker advantage is that a single fracturedevelop a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), to
compared with the high voltage, arc quenchingupgrade technology and equipment to reduce
ability, breaking current, circuit breaker, lightmanufacturing costs VCB, vacuum switchgear to
weight, operate small power, high reliability, lowachieve a large number of high pressure area so
maintenance, avoiding the oil circuit breakersthat active rejection vacuum circuit breaker
prone to fire breathing, fuel injection and other(VCB) of high voltage oriented research work, to
undesirable phenomena, in addition to structuralachieve high voltage of VCB and EHV oriented.
diversification interrupter chamber (variable air6, protection of atmospheric environment, and
pressure to open away from the ceremony,foster awareness of emission reduction. Japan is
scheduled to open away from the pressure airthe use of SF6 gas more countries, in order to
type, self energy type and mixed type) and soimplement the "Kyoto Protocol" on SF6 gas
on.emission reduction obligations, NEC Business
SF6 gas switch equipment, the continuousAssociation, the Japanese electric industry to
development of the structure of different typesachieve this goal will be taken positive action.
of products, such as the tank and ceramic columnJapan SF6 gas reduction measures is to establish
SF6 circuit breakers, GIS, HGIS, compound and soa check curb emissions, to replace SF6 gas
on. Including GIS, HGIS, and complex type caninsulated equipment curb emissions, recycling
have a wide variety of product layout, thesesystem, and has taken action to improve the SF6
features allow the user in the design of powergas management system. Germany's high voltage
system substation, it can be selected according toswitching equipment industry is also very well
different situations. Since 1979, China began todeveloped. Annual use of SF6 gas is about 1000t.
introduce, or with foreign countries to developIn order to achieve reduction of SF6 gas emission
72.5kV ~ 550kVSF6 high voltage switchgear,targets, October 19, 2005, the power to run
after decades of development, SF6 electricalindustry and electrical equipment manufacturing
appliances manufacturing enterprises increasedindustry associations and Solvay Fluor GmbH (SF6
year by year. Currently, domestic enterprises cangas manufacturing) companies and the German
produce medium voltage (12kV), high voltageEnvironment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear
(40.5kV ~ 252kV), EHV (363kV ~ 550kV), andReactor Safety for further provisions of the
ultra high voltage (800kV 1100kV) SF6 highFederal Ministry of have reached a consensus on
voltage switchgear.their own obligations.
Because SF6 gas has excellent insulating and arc7, to carry out the Clean Development
quenching performance of the electricalMechanism (CDM), to achieve reduction of SF6
installations to achieve the economic oriented, lowgas.